The exploration, production, and environmental biotechnology of petroleum are all topics covered in the Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology. Petroleum exploration and production involves extracting hydrocarbons from the earth's underground reservoirs with the aid of several different disciplines, including petroleum geology, drilling, reservoir simulation, reservoir engineering, completions, and oil and gas facilities engineering. Crude oil or natural gas is two of the available forms of the hydrocarbons that were generated. Environmental engineering is a method for integrating science and engineering that can be used to enhance the quality of the environment, including the air, water, and land.

Natural additives, which are widely used in the food technology, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, are a potential replacement for conventional chemicals. As a replacement for chemical synthesis, many chemical businesses have recently expanded their portfolios by adding naturally occurring molecules using biotechnology-based methods. In this situation, a collaborative effort between research and industry to assemble natural additives is essential for the occurrence of suitable solutions to meet the demand for natural compounds. Odoriferous chemicals, sometimes known as aromas, are organic compounds with low molecular weights (usually under 400 Da) that are highly observable by smell and exert distinctive scents that are frequently pleasant.

The most common monoterpene hydrocarbons include limonene, -pinene, and -pinene. They can also be categorised as hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, acids, ketones, esters, and lactones. A comprehensive biotechnological strategy including the biotransformation of monoterpenes to assemble aromatic molecules has been disclosed. Industries have been working harder in recent years to modify their procedures and goods to reflect current global trends. In order to obtain aroma molecules, these efforts have focused on finding alternatives to chemical oxidation bioprocesses. Techniques used in these efforts include chemical synthesis, direct extraction from nature, and biotechnological transformations via microbial and enzymatic biotransformation.

Biotransformation techniques have advantages over chemical synthesis and direct extraction from nature in that they can be used to find production routes for chemicals with added value. As a result of the manufacturing techniques used in this method being in line with the most basic methods of environmental preservation, the results will be seen as natural and related to the idea of sustainable development. The use of biological systems to accelerate chemical changes in compounds that do not comprise their common precursor may be used to characterise this biotechnology process (substrate). These enable those systems' catalytic activity to react with the substrate and create fresh oxygenated derivatives.